Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are estimated to cause more than 265,000 illnesses each year in the United States, with more than 3,600 hospitalizations and 30 deaths (1). STEC infections often cause diarrhea, sometimes bloody. Some patients with STEC infection develop hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a severe complication
Infection most typically occurs by eating contaminated food, particularly raw or undercooked meat. Infection can also occur after eating any product contaminated with STEC, including lettuce, alfalfa sprouts, salami, and raw (unpasteurized) milk, juice, or cider. Infected people can spread E. coli to other people if they do not wash their hands Some other germs that cause foodborne illness include Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, hepatitis A virus, Shigella, and Yersinia. See a complete A-Z index of foodborne illnesses. Some foodborne germs can be antimicrobial resistant. Antimicrobial resistance happens when germs like bacteria and fungi develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed E. coli is contagious if traces of an infected person’s feces are passed on to someone else, such as when a person preparing food hasn’t properly washed their hands after using the bathroom. E. faecium is the most common species of VRE. These bacteria are not the same genus as other common fecal bacteria such as E. coli. Vancomycin resistance is acquired when a sensitive Enterococcus acquires a special piece of DNA called a plasmid that permits the bacteria to become resistant to vancomycin. Less common species, such as C. coli, C. upsaliensis, C. fetus, and C. lari, can also infect people. Campylobacter jejuni grows best at 37°C to 42°C and seems to be well-adapted to birds, which have an approximate body temperature of 41°C to 42°C and can carry the bacteria without becoming ill. These bacteria are fragile.Therefore, researching the virulence determinants of E. coli is increasingly important to understand the emergence of MDR in E. coli and addressing the complexity of RTIs treatment with antibiotics. Numerous virulence genes in E. coli demonstrated a relationship with AMR and bacterial pathogenicity ( Kaczmarek et al., 2012 ).
Common symptoms include severe diarrhea that can be bloody, severe abdominal pain, and vomiting. Symptoms of HUS, a type of kidney failure associated with E. coli, include decreased urine production, dark or tea-colored urine, and pale facial skin. An E. coli infection typically lasts 5-10 days with most people feeling better without treatment